Burner

ABSTRACT

A burner system includes a plurality of evenly pressurized tanks feeding fuel oils to a radial inlet of a tubular housing which has an axial inlet on one end for pressurized air. An ejecting mouthpiece on the other end of the tubular housing has a truncated cavity for causing a thin film of fuel to flow on the converging surface of the truncated cavity to an outlet where the fuel is atomized by tearing off thin films of fuel.

O United States Patent 1 [111 3,840,183 Kuribayashi Oct. 8, 1974 BURNER1,412,767 4/1922 Barber 239/432 1 [75] Inventor: Sadatomo Kuribayashi,Tokyo, 11322333 gflggg Japan 2,667,384 1/1954 Phipps 2,943,797 7/1960Neilson 1 Assgnee' fig g 'fi fi' Kay Seven 3,408,005 10/1968 Struble etal. 239/434 x [22] Filed: 1973 Primary ExaminerM. Henson Wood, Jr. 2APPL 332,314 Assistant Examiner.lohn J. Love Attorney, Agent, orFirm-Anthony A. OBrien [30] Foreign Application Priority Data Apr. 8,1972 Japan 4735430 ABSTRACT June 10, 1972 Japan 47-58065 A burner Systemincludes a plurality of evenly presslm ized tanks feeding fuel oils to aradial inlet of a tubular [52] [1.8. CI 239/305, 239/318, 239/434housing which has an axial inlet on one end for pres [51] 11. Cl B05b7/30 Surized ain An ejecting mouthpiece Onthe other end [58] held MSearch 239/434 of the tubular housing has a truncated cavity for caus-239/427 4273* 305 ing a thin film of fuel to flow on the, convergingsurface of the truncated cavity to an outlet where the fuel [56] UNITESE$XFF:S S$FENTS is atomized by tearing off thin films of fuel. 499,9686/1893 Clarke 239/432 4 Claims 3 Drawing Figures BURNER The presentinvention relates to a burner system and more particularly to a burnersystem employing a nozzle for ejecting fuel oil in atomized condition.

In prior art fuel atomizing systems, there are various types, such ashigh pressure injection type and revolving particle type. However, suchprior art high pressure or revolving particle systems requirecomplicated and expensive mechanisms. Another prior art atomizing systemof an air injection type is relatively simple in construction andoperates satisfactorily. However, the air injection type was heretoforeintended merely for handling relatively volatile light fuel oils.Heavier fuel oils, which are highly viscous and substantially lessvolatile, are not easily atomized and tend to result in incompletecombustion, thus producing carbon monoxide and air pollution. Moreover,a great deal of unburned carbon and tar will collect in a flue of aburner system using the heavier fuel oil, thus requiring a considerableamount of time and labor for cleaning the burner system. The presentinvention is devised for solving the above-mentioned problems of theprior art burning system.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a combustion systemfor burning hardly combustible or heavy relatively incombustible oil,such as waste oil or C heavy oil, which system is simple and economicalto construct.

According to the present invention, there is provided a burner nozzlecomprising a tubular housing including a mixing chamber for receivingpressurized air and fuel, air supply conduit means having one endconnected to said tubular housing axially thereof so as to open to saidmixing chamber and the other end connected to a pressurized air supplysource, fuel supply conduit means having one end connected to saidtubular housing in peripheral portion thereof and the other endconnected to a pressurized oil supply source, and ejector means mountedwithin said tubular housing at one end thereof and having a truncatedinternal cavity for forming a thin film of fuel around said cavity andenabling said pressurized air to be directed axially of said cavity.

Now, one preferred embodiment of the burner nozzle according to thepresent invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way ofexample with reference to accompanying drawings, in which,

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal view showing the burner nozzle according to thepresent invention,

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section view showing a variation of the burnernozzle in FIG. I, and

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a combustion system incorporating theburner nozzle in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. I, there is shown a burner nozzle according to thepresent invention comprising a tubular housing I forming a mixingchamber 1M with a pressurized air supply tube 8 connected axially to themixing chamber, at one end of the tubular housing land with an oilsupply tube 9 connected to the mixing chamber in the peripheral portionof the tubular housing I, together with an ejecting mouthpiece 2 mountedon the other end of the tubular housing. The ejecting mouthpiece 2 isprovided at its right end as shown in FIG. I with an ejecting opening 4of dish shape, and internally with a truncated cavity 3. The cavity 3conveys from a portion adjacent to the mixing chamber IM toward theejecting opening 4. The ejecting mouthpiece 2 is encased within asleeveS, which is connected to the tubular housing I at the right end ofthe housing I by means of a thimble nut 7 threaded over the sleeve 5.The left hand end of the thimble nut 7 is engaged with an annular flangeIF- provided on the tubular housing at the right end of the housing 1.Oil injected radially into the mixing chamber 1M out of the oil supplytube 9 is mixed up with air discharged axially of the tubular housing 1,conveyedrightwardly and will be collected in a thin film 3F on thesurface of the truncated cavity 3 which is formed internally in theejecting mouthpiece 2. The thin film 3F of oil is constantly movedrightwardly toward the ejecting opening 4, torn off into small particlesby action of high speed air flow ejected out of the opening 4 andthereafter will float in the flowing air.

FIG. 2 shows a modification of the nozzle in FIG. I, wherein a venturitube 11 is mounted concentrically within the mixing chamber 1M. Theventuri tube 11 has tapered passages 12 and 13 with a constricted throatportion 14 located intermediate both and is provided externally with areduced portion 16, thereby forming a concentric cavity 16 between thetubular housing 1 and the venturi tube 11. The concentric cavity 16communicates with the oil supply tube 9, and is "connected to theconstricted throat portion 14 of the venturi tube 11 by means of aradial passage 15. Therefore, the oil injectedinto the tubular housing 1from the supply tube 9 will be directed to the constricted throatportion of the venturi tube 11 via the concentric cavity 16 and theradial passage 15. The venturi tube 11 will facilitate the supply offuel oil and enhance the mixing of oil and air.

FIG. 3 shows anoverall schematic view showing a whole combustion systemincorporating the burner nozzle 10 as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. Theburner nozzle 10 is mounted on a furnace I7. The air supply tube 8connected at one end to the burner nozzle to axially thereof isconnected at the other end to a pressurized air tank 18, which is inturn connected to a compressor 19. The oil supply tube 9 communicatingto the burner nozzle 10 in the peripheral portion therof is connectedrespectively to a hardly combustible oil tank 21, light oil tank 22 andadditive or catalyst tank 23, all of which tanks are connected by branchpipes 24, 25 and 26 respectively to the pipe 9. All three tanks 21', 22and 23 are located substantially at the same elevation and providedrespectively with a feed pump 28, 29 and 30, which will feedrespectively hardly combustible oil, light oil and catalyst into thepressurized tank 21, 22 and 23 respectively from a hardly combustibleoil reservoir 31, light oil reservoir 32 and catalyst reservoir 33.Control switches 37, 38 and 39 are mounted respectively on thepressurized tank 21, 22 and 23, and will control the operation of thefeed pump 28, 29 and 30 respectively in response to liquid level withinthe pressurized tank 21, 22 and 23 sensed through communication pipes37A, 38A and 39A respectively. Wires 40, 41 and 42 connect respectivelythe switches 37,38 and 39 to the feed pumps 28, 29 and 30. The feedpumps 28, 29 and 30 are connected respectively to the pressurized tanks21, 22 and 23 by means of supply pipes 34, 35 and 36 respectively.

The hardly combustible oil tank 21, the light oil tank 22 and thecatalyst tank 23 are connected to a pressurized air supply pipe 27,which is communicated with a pressurized air supply source 18, throughcontrol valves 27A, 27B and 27C respectively. Therefore, a

pressure is applied on liquid surface in each tank when the respectivevalve 27A, 27B, and 27C on each tank is opened, and the liquid in eachtank will be forced into the burner nozzle via the supply pipe 24, 25and 26. By 46 is denoted a heating element located within eachpressurized tank 21, 22 and 23. A blower 20 for supplying secondary airinto the combustion chamber 50 is mounted on the furnace 17.

Control valves 43, 44 and 45 are inserted respectively into the hardlycombustible oil supply pipe 24, the light oil supply pipe 25 and thecatalyst supply pipe 26 so as to regulate a ratio of the light oil andthe catalyst to the hardly combustible oil, all of which are mixedtogether within the burner nozzle 10.

In operation, the hardly combustible oil in the pressurized tank 21 isheated beforehand by using the heating element 46 so as to enhancefluidity of the oil. A valve 47 on the pressurized air line 8 is openedfor ventilating the combustion chamber 50. Then, the combustion isstarted by feeding the light oil into the nozzle 10 by opening the valve44 on the light oil supply line 25 after having ignition means (notshown) turned on. After the combustion chamber has been heated at apredetermined temperature, the control valve 43 and 45 on the hardlycombustible oil supply line 24 the catalyst supply line 26 will beopened so as to feed the hardly combustible oil and catalyst to theburner nozzle 10, simultaneously closing the control valve 44 on thelight oil supply line 25. The hardly combustible oil which is heatedbeforehand will be atomized when ejected out of the mouthpiece 2 andthen burned.

As described hereinabove, the oil supplied into the burner nozzle 10will be collected in a thin film on the inner surface of the tubularhousing I and the truncated cavity 3 formed in the ejecting mouthpiece2. And this thin film is torn off into small particles when dischargedout of the mouthpiece 2 by action of high speed air flow axially of thenozzle. It is expected that the thin film of the oil will form bubblescontaining air therein, similar to soap bubbles, and will be burntcompletely with a sufficient supply of oxygen according to the presentinvention. Since it is not necessary to reduce unduly the size of theejecting opening 4 of the mouthpiece 2, sludges or foreign matters, ifany, present in the hardly combustible oil, such as waste oil, will notclog up the nozzle. No carbon will collect on the v nozzle, thuseliminating the necessity of cleaning, since the combustion is carriedout completely.

Since constant pressure is applied at all times on the liquid surfacewithin each tank, desired quantities of liquid are automaticallysupplied to the nozzle in a predetermined ratio dependent uponregulation of control valves on the liquid supply lines. Therefore. thenozzle according to the present invention is suitable for mixing up totwo or more different kinds of oil at a predetermined ratio for burningpurpose.

What is claimed is:

1. A burner system comprising a tubular housing forming a mixingchamber,

air supply conduit means having one end connected to one end of thetubular housing and opening axially into the mixing chamber,

a pressurized air supply connected to the other end of the air supplyconduit means,

fuel supply conduit means having one end connected to a peripheralportion of the tubular housing and opening radially into the mixingchamber,

ejector means mounted on the other end of the tubular housing and havinga truncated internal cavity converging to an opening for forming a filmof fuel around the truncated internal cavity to be atomized at theopening,

first and second fuel tanks connected to the fuel supply conduit means,

said first and second fuel tanks containing a light oil fuel and a heavyoil fuel respectively,

first and second valve means connected between the fuel supply conduitmeans and the respective first and second fuel tanks, and

constant pressure means for supplying the same pressure to each of thefirst and second fuel tanks.

2. A burner system as claimed in claim 1 including a third tankconnected to the fuel supply conduit means for containing a catalyst,and

a third valve means connected between the fuel conduit means and a thirdtank.

3. A burner system as claimed in claim 1 including first and second fuelreservoirs, and

first and second pump means connecting first and second fuel reservoirsto the respective first and second pump means, each of said pump meansincluding liquid level means responsive to the liquid level in therespective first and second tanks.

4. A burner nozzle described in claim 1, wherein a venturi tube isprovided within said mixing chamber of said tubular housing forenhancing an introduction of said fuel oil into said mixing chamber byaction of pressurized air flowing therethrough.

1. A burner system comprising a tubular housing forming a mixingchamber, air supply conduit means having one end connected to one end ofthe tubular housing and opening axially into the mixing chamber, apressurized air supply connected to the other end of the air supplyconduit means, fuel supply conduit means having one end connected to aperipheral portion of the tubular housing and opening radially into themixing chamber, ejector means mounted on the other end of the tubularhousing and having a truncated internal cavity converging to an openingfor forming a film of fuel around the truncated internal cavity to beatomized at the opening, first and second fuel tanks connected to thefuel supply conduit means, said first and second fuel tanks containing alight oil fuel and a heavy oil fuel respectively, first and second valvemeans Connected between the fuel supply conduit means and the respectivefirst and second fuel tanks, and constant pressure means for supplyingthe same pressure to each of the first and second fuel tanks.
 2. Aburner system as claimed in claim 1 including a third tank connected tothe fuel supply conduit means for containing a catalyst, and a thirdvalve means connected between the fuel conduit means and a third tank.3. A burner system as claimed in claim 1 including first and second fuelreservoirs, and first and second pump means connecting first and secondfuel reservoirs to the respective first and second pump means, each ofsaid pump means including liquid level means responsive to the liquidlevel in the respective first and second tanks.
 4. A burner nozzledescribed in claim 1, wherein a venturi tube is provided within saidmixing chamber of said tubular housing for enhancing an introduction ofsaid fuel oil into said mixing chamber by action of pressurized airflowing therethrough.